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A Rhetorical Analysis of Maria Popova.

Maria Popova’s collection of BrainPickings showcase a few of the interesting ideas she has encountered in life, including concepts like the power of curiosity, the passion for comprehension, and the imagination. Her distinct style of prose is quite evident in her pieces, especially in “A Stop-Motion Love Letter to the Power of Curiosity.” One of the most common aspects that Popova weaves into her writing is the usage of quotes. The majority of the article is the ideas of others, which contributes to her ethos. It feels like she’s here to share the creativity and content she loves which adds credibility to her character. Her choices for what quotes she uses brings the piece together bu selecting enriching and though-provoking ideas that are powerful, yet simple. A few like, “the only true failure would be to not explore at all” or “the more you know, the more you want to know. Not only that but the more you know, the more connections you can make between the different bits of knowledge that you have in your head and therefore the more ideas you have, which is why curiosity is the wellspring of creativity” are what adds depth to the passage. Visually, it’s a very clean looking format with many links to original sources, giving the audience some power of choice and subtly engaging their curiosity to dig further by reading the original sources. She makes it clear whenever a main quote is being used with exaggerated and oversized yellow quotation marks, making it easy for the reader to detect when a quote is being used. These stylistic choices help to deliver the message she wants in an easy-to-understand manner. Also, the pieces are relatively short compared to the works of the other AP Lit readings, or even a single chapter of a typical book. The brief but succinct messages are what makes these BrainPickings effective and engaging, which Popova consistently does in her pieces.

A Concept Map of Summer Reading Themes.

AP Lit Concept Map.jpeg

A Persuasive Writing Piece For the Concept Map.

My main goal was to encompass what I had learned into one cohesive and connected work, demonstrating both the fluidness of the topics, as well as how two could branch off one another, or even the others as well. What I discovered is that they all connect. The main concepts of the AP Lit Summer Readings are as follows: Criticism, Questioning, and Self Fashioning. Also, the readings and BrainPickings of Maria Popova are what enlightens and enriches the three main concepts, as they are an extension of the skills discussed in the previous sections. There were four main ideas in the five pieces I read: curiosity, wonderment, passion for comprehension, and imagination (two articles: 1 and 2). I think a lot of what is discussed in the bigger sections are, in a sense, a form of these sub-ideas from Popova. Criticism certainly deals with all four, seeing as one must wonder and be curious to criticize, as well as wanting to comprehend and broaden an imagination when finding out the answer to criticism. Questions undoubtedly involve curiosity, wonderment, a passion for comprehension. Without that desire to know more, the action of asking would never even occur. It’s the imagination that brings it home by considering what else can be asked and what can be inferred. Self-fashioning deals with all four because to do so, one must look inside and improve and develop themselves as a person and a writer. But that's just the beginnings of the connections.
Like Popova, my concept map integrates quotes that correlate with the topic of that section. I made sure to choose what I felt were some of the heaviest and most important quotes that symbolized what that section was all about. I wanted the map to predominantly consist of quotes because I felt like those were the most powerful parts of the readings; it’s the direct words of the authors that brings the pieces alive. That’s what makes it a Popova piece. The deliberate, intentional, and meaningful integration of these direct quotes is an essential component of Popova’s style. I tried to replicate and deliver on that to create the same effect one might feel when reading a Popova piece. 
The main point I took from both the Popova sections and the bigger sections was that the concept of thought is what ties everything together. The center of my concept map depicts that main idea that branches outward and connects everything. I think another big concept that encompasses the themes and topics is that of art. It's heavily discussed in A.O. Scott's piece with his discussions on "The Artist is Present" and Rainer Maria Rilke's "Archaic Torso of Apollo," in Berger's conversation on the art of questioning, in Greenblatt's chapter, and all over the Brain Pickings by Popova. In a sense, thinking and Art go hand in hand; it's the art of thinking that contributes to our personalities, choices, and creative endeavors. We think about the art we create, and we think about the art presented to us. That’s the one thing I’d take away from the map, the main ideas that unite them all: thought, as well as art and culture. Without them, nothing else would exist or even be a concept, let alone possible. 
Something to consider as I read the pieces was the deeper and more complex connections between them. One of the direct quotes I got from the reading regarding criticism is that "Criticism is thinking. It's a particular kind of thinking"(Scott 254). This comes from the final dialogue chapter at the end of the reading when the questioner and answerer are having their discussion on criticism. I think this sums up the main idea from the first section and what I interpreted from it, on how what we think about art can be a great deal towards what the art is. That's leads directly into what the second passage discusses: the art of questioning. Some of the most intellectual and complex ideas I encountered was the discussions regarding questioning in school, something that has been a part of my life as long as I can remember. I feel like criticism is questioning, in a sense, which I've probably touched on before. When one questions something, I see that almost as criticism itself; a way of thinking that inquisitively comments on what one believes. While that may be a pretty wordy way to describe it, I think it just goes to show how intertwined questioning and criticism can be. A quote from the reading that resonates with me is as follows, “Great questioners ‘keep looking’…they study small details, and they look for not only what’s there but what’s missing”(87). While there were other quotes that I connected with, this one seems to relate to the first passage. I feel like I could exchange the word “questioners” for “criticizers” and it could still make sense. I think self-fashioning goes with these ideas. The biggest ideas that Greenblatt toys are on self-fashioning/constructing a personal identity and culture. He believes that "fashioning oneself and being fashioned by cultural institutions–family, religion, state–were inseparably intertwined"(Greenblatt 256). That's how they relate. It's the art (and culture from that art) that determines who we are. And it's how we respond to that art, how we question it, how we criticize it, that develops our identity. Greenblatt ends with a powerful point, talking about how he wants to"sustain the illusion that I am the principal maker of my own identity"(Greenblatt 257). That's a complex thought. Many may want to believe that we make choices which results in becoming who we are. But I do agree with Greenblatt that in a lot of cases, it's the environment and culture surrounding us that influences our decisions, and by extension influences our character. 
That's the beautiful thing about art and culture. We interpret it in many different ways, which makes us all unique in our own incredible ways. That's what I believe these pieces are trying to tell us. 

A Cover Letter For the Concept Map.

When creating my concept map, I knew I wanted the main bulk of the piece to be quotes. There were two parts to my thought process for that decision: I feel like the original words of the sentences are what made the pieces what they are and I wanted to maintain that, and sometimes I was unsure on how to phrase it in other ways that weren’t too dumbed down. As stated in my persuasive writing piece, I drew most of my inspiration for style from a piece on curiosity, which featured a variety of many quotes from many people. I found it easiest to draw quotes from the second summer reading, considering that it’s the one I understood best. I struggled especially with including the self-fashioning section since I felt quite unsure about what it was talking about, but I decided to add a couple of quotes from it that I felt were important. I’m pretty proud of how it looks visually, and how at the center of it all is the concept that brings it together: thought. I hope that when someone sees this, that’s what they’re first drawn to, which contextualizes the piece as a whole and gives them the foundation to truly understanding where these pieces are coming from.

Scott and Greenblatt 2.0: The Power of Experiences

Better Living Through Criticism by A.O. Scott and Renaissance Self-Fashioning by Stephen Greenblatt are informative texts that aim to develop the reader’s character and personality by informing them about the structures and complexities of situations. Each text poses an idea and gives the readers examples of how those ideas apply in reality. The authors discuss how their ideas tell people how limited in control that people are. While both books may be discussing different topics, they intertwine in many ways; the most important overlapping aspect between Scott and Greenblatt is the experience.
     Better Living Through Criticism emphasized the importance of the experience through art and reflection. One would interact with art, and that becomes an aesthetic experience (which one sees as good, beautiful, or agreeable; these are 3 tiers of perception that one sees art as). Many other factors occur, but as one begins to reflect and process on this experience and question the feeling that is evoked from the art, that is when criticism begins, which is essential. As Scott concludes a chapter from his work, he talks about how “the origin of criticism lies in an innocent, heartfelt question...did you feel that? Was it good for you? Tell the truth”(Scott, 80). From this, it's clear that the experience is the key to this; without such an occurrence, one when never has to engage with the questions Scott poses to the reader. Experiences are what lead to the reflection and questioning that Scott sees as criticism, which is influential and important due to how it grows one's understanding of the art and themselves.
     In Renaissance Self-Fashioning, Greenblatt discusses this idea of self-fashioning and how in order to do so, he relies on these 10 governing conditions to dictate how this might occur. The main process revolves around 3 identities: the self, the authority, and the alien. It's this interaction and engagement with each other that results in self-fashioning. Whether a self chooses to side with the authority or the alien, self-fashioning occurs in some way, shape, or form that adheres to the rules made by Greenblatt. The ideas of autonomy and agency are thrown around, but the whole point of the book is to give the reader agency. He believes that "the dream of autonomous agency...is only a dream." By informing readers of these complex structures, he's giving one the power to be aware of the decisions people do have, and whether one engages with the authority or alien, which is a powerful thing.
     While many connections could be found to tie these concepts together, the one that really stands out out is that of experiences. The experience is what gives one the ability of criticism, or the decision involving authority, alien, and self (which results in some form of self-fashioning). Ultimately, these two outcomes result in personal growth as an individual, which people experience every day; that's a side-effect of existence. With those, one comes into contact with many decisions, outcomes, and repercussions because of this. There's no world without experiences; furthermore, there's no world without criticism or self-fashioning. They're crucial to humans, even if not everyone realizes people have the capacity to engage with them. They're important concepts that build character, self-awareness, and intellectual skills like questioning and thinking. People truly are better living through criticism (and self-fashioning).

"There's no world without experiences; furthermore, there's no world without criticism or self-fashioning. They're crucial to humans, even if not everyone realizes people have the capacity to engage with them."

A Cover Letter For Scott and Greenblatt 2.0: 1st Draft

    The most difficult part for me was relating Scott to my shared idea of experiences. It had been a while since I had thought about the ideas we discussed with Scott, so I had to go back to old commonplace book entries to find ideas to write about. It took me some time to think about it, but I think I incorporated it well. While I could make a connection for each one to the shared topic of experiences, tying both of them to each other was a challenge as well. While I took the broad ideas from each one, I think I could’ve done a better job at diving deeper into the more gritty details, and could’ve maybe used a couple more quotes. Maybe I’ll get those done during revisions.

A Cover Letter For Scott and Greenblatt 2.0: After Revisions

     I found that I had more to edit than I thought. I had to add some more supporting evidence regarding criticism which was a little tough and fix up my introduction paragraph to have more overarching thoughts. Additionally, I had to fix up a lot of the style since I initially wrote it thinking it was like a blog. I think it’s a lot better now and is a more cohesive argument on the shared themes from the books.

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